It is astonishing when you think about it now, more than 60 years after the close of the Second Vatican Council. Immediately following the Council, the Church commenced a devastating decline, one that still continues today – yet not once has there been a concerted effort by the leadership of the Church, the Popes and the Bishops, to determine the root causes of the catastrophe. A recent study documents the correlation between the Council and the steady decline in Catholic Mass attendance after the Council:
” . . . we find that rates of religious-service attendance in predominantly Catholic countries started to decrease relative to those of all other countries and to those of other Christian countries precisely in the aftermath of Vatican II. This result holds for adult and child religious-service attendance and also holds when using the share of a country’s catholic adherents as a continuous measure of a country’s exposure. Overall, the Catholic relative attendance rate fell by four percentage points per decade between 1965 and 2015.” [1,2]
That the Church has now reached a state of severe crisis is not in doubt. Reporting is continuing and consistent on this issue. [3, 4, 5, 6] I commend to you Darrick Taylor’s recent summary of the condition of the Church as a particularly cogent assessment. [7]
While it is clear that Catholic practice suffered a momentous negative impact in the wake of the Council, the underlying causes are not quite so obvious. [8, 9] There were many possible factors around the time of the Council that could have contributed substantially to the crisis. The theological debates about Modernism and the New Theology that played out in the Council and its documents remain controversial, as we witness with the recent SSPX excommunications. However, I doubt that the specific texts of the Council documents had much effect in the daily lives of ordinary Catholics. Much more immediately relevant was the general perception that something fundamental had shifted in the Church, defined by the so-called “Spirit of the Council.” A thing difficult to pin down, but nonetheless important because it seemed to signal a general relaxation of Catholic discipline. I remember my Mom telling me one day when I was a teenager and beginning to become aware of the wider Catholic world that the Church “had been too strict.” Then there was the generally chaotic environment of the 1960’s, when the sexual revolution was engulfing society.
That same study mentioned above attributes the decline to the extent and magnitude of the reforms of the Council:
“The unanticipated, major reforms that resulted from the Council (perhaps the most famous being the end of the Latin-only mass) profoundly affected Catholic faith and practice, to the point that sociologists refer to the event as ‘the most significant example of institutionalized religious change since the Reformation.’ “[10]
However, I believe it can be more accurately said that the alterations
in the liturgy of the Mass were not only the most famous but by far the most consequential affecting Catholic practice after the Council. For Catholics, the most frequent and potent exposure to their Church, and to the things the Church teaches, and to God Himself, is the Holy Mass. And that applies to the diocesan and religious clergy as well. Therefore, when the liturgy changed significantly, it delivered a major impact to the faith held by Catholics. It is actually an understatement to say that the liturgy was changed significantly. That is not the case. The liturgy of the Mass was butchered, enduring pervasive, comprehensive mutations. In the entire history of the Church, there has never been a transformation of the Roman Rite like that undertaken following the Council. Dr. Kwasknieski’s description of the destruction is shocking:
“From the 1950’s through the 1970’s, literally nothing was left untouched – and the changes were usually on a large scale, such as the wholesale rewriting of the rites of the Mass, of baptism, priestly ordination, extereme unction, the dedication of a Church, the consecration of virgins, the blessing of water; everything. This was not a revision but a rejection; not a reform, but a revolution. [11]
Think about what this means. We are not just another generation of Catholics trying to follow Jesus in a dangerous world, but confident in our faith, as our ancestors were before us. No – we are a generation of Catholics who have had the very foundations of our faith and worship shaken and severely undermined. This has never happened before – ever – in the entire history of the Church that Jesus gave to us. Throughout all of those long centuries in which the great saints arose to fight, suffer, and die for the faith – never has the Church faced an ordeal like this.
Recall the famous phrase “Lex orandi, Lex credendi.” Let me cite the U. S. Catholic bishops as to the meaning of this phrase:
“Literally translated, it means “the law of prayer [is] the law of belief.” This axiom is an adaptation of words of Prosper of Aquitaine, a fifth-century Christian writer and a contemporary of St. Augustine. The original version of the phrase, ut legem credendi lex statuat supplicandi (“that the law of praying establishes the law of believing”), highlighted the understanding that the Church’s teaching (lex credendi) is articulated and made manifest in the celebration of the liturgy and prayer (lex orandi). We understand this to mean that prayer and worship is the first articulation of the faith. The liturgy engages belief in a way that simply thinking about God or studying the faith does not naturally do. [emphasis added] In other words, in an act of worship, the faithful are in dialogue with God and are engaged in an active and personal relationship with Jesus Christ.” [12]
The obvious conclusion here is that a radical alteration of the Mass is very likely to affect the faith held by the people. So let’s take a look at how the Traditional Mass shapes the faith of the people, in order to understand the impact of the Novus Ordo. Consider first the general atmosphere, the environment in which we place ourselves, when attending the Traditional Mass. Since we humans are made in the image and likeness of God, we are created with an inherent hunger for the things of God, even though we have the freedom to ignore that hunger. The Traditional Mass has been fashioned over the centuries, via the process of Sacred Tradition, abounding with the attractions of God. When we come to Mass, we are not just walking into a building where some prayers are said and songs are sung and we may manage, if we try hard, to recall afterwards something of what the priest talked about during the sermon. No, for Catholics, we are coming to meet God Himself, our creator. If we could see Him, all of us would no doubt fall to our knees or bellies as we approach to worship Him. Therefore, from our very first step inside the door of that Church, the Traditional Mass is formed to offer Him our very best. There isn’t any chatter. Perhaps a rosary is being said before mass, but otherwise there is silence, and there is no need to fill that silence before Mass or the periods of silence which occur within the Mass – because He is there. The prayers and actions of the Mass, carefully honed over the centuries, present a ritual of worship that is fitting for the King of Kings. Latin, the language of that Mass, is nothing other than the language of Tradition itself, and so there is an immediate and powerful sense of our connection to the foundations of our faith. In the solemn version of the Mass, certain prayers are offered in the music most beautiful and fitting for adoration, Gregorian Chant. The Mass incorporates every possible opportunity to express reverence and humility and adoration in the presence of our Creator. The priest leads the people in worship, all facing Jesus, ad orientam. We are acutely aware of our Lord’s Real Presence in the tabernacle, at the center of the altar, the unmistakeable focus of our worship. Holy Mass is not a place where we must be busy doing things – rather it is a place where we can allow ourselves be carried along as in a spiritual river with a strong current that envelopes and saturates us with the presence of Jesus. The Holy Eucharist is received on our knees, directly on our tongues and only from the consecrated hands of an ordained priest. How else would we approach the King of Kings, the Lord of the Universe, other than on our knees?
An environment such as this simply does not exist in the Novus Ordo Mass. Yes, there are Novus Ordo parishes which attempt to recapture that sense of profound worship by implementing Gregorian Chant, or by admonishing the congregation to silence when entering the church, or by the recitation of certain prayers in Latin. An altar rail may even be installed in some churches. But such efforts do not begin to capture the roots of the orientation to God found in the Traditional Mass. I suspect that the revival of Eucharistic Adoration we see in the Church today is motivated in large part by the natural desire in Catholics for adoration that is not satisfied by the Novus Ordo.
Consider the prayers.
The prayers of the Traditional mass were shredded by the the commission established after the Council to implement the revisions to the Mass proposed by Sacrosanctam Concilium. Only a very small percentage of the original Orations, certain special prayers of the Mass among those proper to each Mass, survived the ravaging. I found the characterization of the modifications in the prayers by Dr. Edward Schaefer especially compelling, [13] but you don’t have to be a scholar to understand the importance of these prayers. Open the St Andrew Daily Missal, one of the versions of the Traditional missal available today, and you will find detailed explanations of every Sunday Mass, including the intended Catholic teaching for that Mass, referencing Divine Office readings and the Old and New Testament readings, and showing us how the teaching is reflected in those special Orations. That carefully constructed guidance of Sacred Tradition via the liturgy of the Mass, the work of centuries, was destroyed virtually overnight by the “reforms.”
The Ordinary prayers of the Mass were similarly scoured. There are common themes present in these prayers, acting almost like a litany woven throughout the Mass, forming our attitudes and perceptions appropriately for our encounter with God, expressing our penitence, and our utter dependence on Christ’s sacrifice for our salvation. Here are a few examples of prayers which were either completely deleted or replaced: [14]
“Take away from us our iniquities, we beseech Thee, O Lord, that with pure minds we may worthily enter into the holy of holies . . . ” [15]
“We beseech Thee, O Lord, by the merits of thy Saints, whose relics are here, and of all the saints, that Thou wouldst vouchsafe to forgive me all my sins.” [16]
Receive, O holy Father, almighty and eternal God, this unspotted host, which I, Thy unworthy servant, offer unto Thee, my living and true God, for my innumerable sins, offenses, and negligences, and for all here present; as also for all faithful Christians living and dead, that it may avail both for my own and their salvation unto life eternal.” [17]
“We offer unto Thee, O Lord, the chalice of salvation, beseeching Thy clemency, that it may ascend in the sight of Thy divine majesty with a sweet savour, for our own salvation and for that of the whole world. ” [18]
“Come, O Sanctifier, almighty and eternal God, the Sanctifier, and bless this sacrifice prepared for Thy holy name.” [19]
“May Thy Body, O Lord, which I have received, and Thy Blood which I have drunk, cleave to my inmost parts, and grant that no stain of sin may remain in me, whom these pure and holy sacraments have refreshed.” [20]
It is as if the designers of the Novus Ordo thought that the repeated invocation of subjects like our sinfulness, or the sacrifice that Jesus made to atone for our sins, or our expressions of penitence and appeals for salvation, were unnecessary for modern Christians in our enlightened age. The two prayers now associated with the Offertory in the Novus Ordo are particularly unfortunate, where the profoundly humble and penintential language of the Traditional Mass offering “ this unspotted host” and the “chalice of salvation” for our salvation, have been reduced to feeble references to the “work of human hands” and no mention of salvation at all.
People need their faith to be something solid, something real, something that speaks to the very depths of their heart, something that allows them to acknowledge the reality of their need for Him, and the solace to be found in Him. A simplified liturgy that fails to express the essential things – like sacrifice, and sin, and humble reverence toward God – is of little interest to those who are looking for something that will speak to their souls, as the psalmist so eloquently describes:
“I have stretched forth my hands to thee: my soul is as earth without water unto thee.”
Psalm 142:6 Douay Rheims Bible
The prayer that is the Traditional Mass is not the same prayer that is the Novus Ordo. Francois Savy, in an article posted recently at Rorate Coeli on the distinction between validity and legitimacy versus deficiency of the Novus Ordo, crystallizes the issue:
“The Novus Ordo Missae prepares souls less well to receive all the fruits of the divine sacrifice; it diminishes the testimony of Faith and the manifestation of the glory of God required by any liturgical action, by leaving the door open to a Protestant interpretation. Anthropocentric, focused on the presence of the faithful, it expresses less the sacrificial, propitiatory, and cultic dimensions of the Mass and the adoration of God to whom the sacrifice is offered . . .” [21]
Jesus, in the Blessed Sacrament, can now be handled by anyone – and kneeling to receive Him is apparently beneath our dignity. So it should be obvious as to why a large percentage of Catholics do not believe that the Holy Eucharist is God Himself. [22] The Novus Ordo teaches by omission that penitence, and penance, are of minimal importance. No wonder the confessional lines have disappeared. Recall that fundamental truth embodied in the words “Lex Orandi, Lex Credendi.” There is a third phrase that fits here, “Lex Vivendi.” [23] As we worship, so we believe, and so we live. There is no better or more accurate description for what has happened to the Catholic Church since the Council. The prayer of the Church was purposefully, radically altered – and that drove differences in what Catholics believe – and that in turn influenced Catholic behavior. What better explanation could there be for the precipitous decline in Mass attendance over the last several decades?
While the despoiling of the Mass was the primary cause of the collapse in the Church immediately after the Council, additional factors now in place are accelerating the devastation. Clear examples now exist of magisterial instruction directly contradicting that of a prior magisterium. [24, 25, 26] The faithful are thereby put in an untenable situation – admonished to assent with full submission of mind and will to contradictory teachings. Then there is the advance of “synodality,” which apparently seeks to throw open the doors of the Church to any and all influences swirling about in the secular domain. [27, 28,29, 30, 31, 32, 33] Another scourge is besieging the Church as well – the troubling and deliberate placement of blatantly pro-homosexual individuals and other openly heterodox persons to various positions of authority in the Church, even at the very highest levels. [34, 35, 36]
In my judgment there is nothing much in the near term that can be done at any level that would likely turn things in the right direction. The die has been cast, the revolution has been underway for many decades now, and the decline will continue for the foreseeable future. The crisis grinds inexorably forward, creating chaos, confusion, and an extremity of diversity – where every parish has its own liturgical customs and practices, where every Bishops’ Conference applies its own doctrinal guidance, and where morality is a slippery thing.
But there is one thing that we cannot fail to accomplish as the Church stumbles into an uncertain and dangerous future. No matter what happens, no matter what decree might come down from Rome or the local Bishop, a means must be found to guarantee the continued well-being and health of our most precious resource – the community of traditional priests who will preserve the Traditional Mass throughout these desolate times.
References.
1. Barro, Robert J. et al “LOOKING BACKWARD: LONG-TERM RELIGIOUS SERVICE ATTENDANCE IN 66 COUNTRIES.” Working Paper 34060. NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH. 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138. July 2025. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w34060/w34060.pdf
2. Lawler, Phil. “Data show: Vatican II triggered decline in Catholic practice.” Catholic Culture. Jul 28, 2025. https://www.catholicculture.org/commentary/data-researchers-conclude-vatican-ii-triggered-decline-in-catholic-practice/
3. Mangiaracina, Emily. “More people have left Catholicism than joined in most countries: report.” Lifesite News.
Apr 24, 2026. https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/more-people-have-left-catholicism-than-joined-in-most-countries-report/
4. Quinlan, Michael. “Revival in the pews, crisis at the altar: Why churches are closing amid a Catholic comeback.” FOXBusiness. April 4, 2026. https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/revival-pews-crisis-altar-why-churches-closing-amid-catholic-comeback
5. Allman, Myles. “Vatican statistics reveal stunning collapse of Catholic Church in France.” Lifesite News. September 18, 2026. https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/vatican-statistics-reveal-stunning-collapse-of-catholic-church-in-france/
6. “Weekly “Mass Attendance Is Up” Again by Catholics in the US, CARA Reports.” uCatholic. February 10, 2025. https://ucatholic.com/news/weekly-mass-attendance-is-up-again-by-catholics-in-the-us-cara-reports/
7. Taylor, Darrick. “Waiting for a State of Emergency.” Crisis Magazine. May 5, 2026. https://crisismagazine.com/opinion/waiting-for-a-state-of-emergency
8. Lawler, Phil. “Let’s stop pretending: something DID go wrong after Vatican II.” Catholic Culture. Aug 23, 2017. https://www.catholicculture.org/commentary/lets-stop-pretending-something-did-go-wrong-after-vatican-ii/
9. Hitchcock, James. “Was Vatican II a Mistake? Crisis Magazine. June 2004. https://crisismagazine.com/opinion/was-vatican-ii-a-mistake
10. Barro, Robert J. et al “LOOKING BACKWARD: LONG-TERM RELIGIOUS SERVICE ATTENDANCE IN 66 COUNTRIES.” Working Paper 34060. NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH. 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138. July 2025. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w34060/w34060.pdf
11. Kwasniewski, Peter. The Once and Future Roman Rite. Gasconia, NC: Tan Books, 2022, pp 68-69.
12. “Lex Orandi, Lex Credendi: The Word of God in the Celebration of the Sacraments.” USCCB. Resources. Sep 20,2009. https://www.usccb.org/resources/lex-orandi-lex-credendi
13. Schafer, Edward. “A Simple Man’s Case for Tradition Chapter 2: the New Mass.” One Peter 5. Nov 16 2024. https://onepeterfive.com/chapter-2-the-new-mass/
14. “A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE TEXTS OF THE TRADITIONAL MISSAL AND THE NEW MISSAL OF 2011.” The Latin Mass Society of England and Wales. Accessed October 8, 2026. https://lms.org.uk/missals
15. Dom Gaspar Levebre O.S.B. of the Abbey of St. Andre. The St Andrew Daily Missal. Great Falls, Montana: St. Bonaventure Publications. July 1999, Page 956.
16. The St Andrew Daily Missal. July 1999. Page 957.
17. The St Andrew Daily Missal. July 1999. Page 964.
18. The St Andrew Daily Missal. July 1999. Pages 964-965.
19. The St Andrew Daily Missal. July 1999. Page 965.
20. The St Andrew Daily Missal. July 1999. Pages 985-986.
22. Bukurus, Joe. “New Study shows that now almost two-thirds of US Catholics believe in Real Presence.” EWTN News. Sep 29, 2023. https://www.ewtnnews.com/world/us/new-study-show-that-now-almost-two-thirds-of-us-catholics-believe-in-real-presence
23. Fournier, Keith. “Lex Orandi, Lex Credendi, Lex Vivendi. As we Worship, So we Believe, So we Live.” Catholic Online. Nov 8, 2010. https://www.catholic.org/news/hf/faith/story.php?id=39029
24. McCusker, Matthew . “Key doctrinal errors and ambiguities of Amoris Laetitia.” Voice of the Family. 7 May 2016. https://voiceofthefamily.com/key-doctrinal-errors-and-ambiguities-of-amoris-laetitia/
25. Buscemi, Georges, President of Campagne Québec-Vie, member of the John-Paul II Academy for Human Life and Family, et al. “Open letter to the bishops of the Catholic Church.” Easter Week, 2019. https://onepeterfive-wp.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Open-Letter-to-the-Bishops-of-the-Catholic-2019.pdf
26. Dominic J. Grigio. The Disastrous Pontificate. Lincoln, Nebraska: Os Justi Press. 2025.
27. Mangiaracina, Emily. “Bishop Schneider: Synodality is a ‘code word to undermine Catholic doctrine.’” Lifesite News. Sep 11, 2026. https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/bishop-schneider-synodality-is-a-code-word-to-undermine-catholic-doctrine/
28. Delaney, Patrick. “Cardinal Burke: Synodality ‘has to be stopped’ and thoroughly reexamined.” Lifesite News. July 16, 2026. https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/cardinal-burke-synodality-has-to-be-stopped-and-thoroughly-reexamined/
29. Eijk, Willem. “Cardinal Eijk: Same-Sex Synod Report Must Be Forcefully Refuted .” National Catholic Register/Commentaries. May 14, 2026. https://www.ncregister.com/commentaries/the-synods-dangerous-departure-study-group-9s-report
30. Pentin, Edward. “Courage Director: Synod Report ‘Wounds the Church.’” National Catholic Register/Interviews. May 11, 2026. https://www.ncregister.com/interview/courage-director-synod-report-wounds-the-church
31. Miller, Monica. “Paradigm Shifts and the End of Catholic Moral Doctrine.” Crisis Magazine. June 5, 2026. https://crisismagazine.com/opinion/paradigm-shifts-and-the-end-of-catholic-moral-doctrine
32. Canon of Shaftesbury. “The Challenge of a Synod That Walks Away from Christ.” Rorate Coeli. July 19, 2026. https://rorate-caeli.blogspot.com/2026/07/the-challenge-of-synod-that-walks-away.html
33. Lifesite News Staff. “Synod reports call for ‘gender equality’ in Church governance.” Lifesite News. Sep 12, 2026. https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/synod-reports-call-for-gender-equality-in-church-governance/
34. Westen, John-Henry. “A look back at Pope Leo XIV’s heterodox bishop appointments in his first year.” Lifesite News. May 8, 2026. https://www.lifesitenews.com/blogs/a-look-back-at-pope-leo-xivs-heterodox-bishop-appointments-in-his-first-year/
35. Cambria, Antonino. “Pope Leo appoints consultors who back women’s ‘ordination,’ WEF agenda.” Lifesite News. Aug 22, 2026. https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/pope-leo-appoints-consultors-who-back-womens-ordination-wef-agenda/
36. Masciullo, Gaetano. “Pope Leo appoints pro-female ordination consultors to religious life dicastery.” Lifesite News. August 10, 2026. https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/pope-leo-appoints-pro-female-ordination-pro-lgbt-consultors-to-religious-life-dicastery/